Overview
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that affects the colon and rectum. It causes inflammation and ulcers (sores) in the innermost lining of the large intestine, leading to symptoms like diarrhea, rectal bleeding, and abdominal pain. Unlike Crohn's disease, UC inflammation is limited to the colon and does not extend through all layers of the bowel wall.
Symptoms
Frequent diarrhea and urgent need to pass stools
Rectal bleeding and bloody mucus
Abdominal pain and cramping
Anemia and fatigue
Weight loss
Fever during flares
Common Causes
Abnormal immune response in the colon
Genetic factors and family history
Environmental triggers
Bacterial or viral infection
Dysbiosis (imbalance of gut bacteria)
Intestinal barrier defects
Self-Care Tips
Eat mild, easily digestible foods during flares
Limit dairy, spicy foods, and high-fiber items
Stay well-hydrated and replace electrolytes
Take prescribed medications as directed
Reduce stress through counseling or support groups
Regular follow-up with a gastroenterologist
When to See a Doctor
Seek urgent care if you experience severe dehydration, high fever, severe abdominal pain, or massive bleeding. Regular monitoring and endoscopic screening for cancer risk is important in UC management.
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