Overview
Colon polyps are small clumps of cells that form on the lining of the colon. Most polyps are harmless (hyperplastic or inflammatory), but some types — particularly adenomas — can slowly develop into colorectal cancer over 10–15 years. That is why colonoscopy screening is so important: finding and removing polyps before they become cancerous is the single most effective way to prevent colon cancer.
Symptoms
Most polyps cause NO symptoms
Rectal bleeding (occasional)
Blood in or on stool
Change in bowel habits lasting more than a week
Abdominal pain (large polyps only)
Iron-deficiency anaemia from chronic bleeding
Common Causes
Age over 50
Family history of polyps or colorectal cancer
Personal history of polyps
Inflammatory bowel disease
Obesity and physical inactivity
High-fat, low-fiber diet
Smoking and alcohol
Self-Care Tips
Get colonoscopy screening starting at age 45 (or earlier if high risk)
All polyps found during colonoscopy should be removed at the same time
Follow your doctor's recommended surveillance interval after polypectomy
Eat a high-fiber diet and limit red and processed meats
Exercise regularly — it reduces polyp risk
Aspirin may reduce recurrence in some high-risk individuals (discuss with doctor)
When to See a Doctor
Do not wait for symptoms — most dangerous polyps are silent. Book a colonoscopy at 45 (or at 40 if you have a first-degree relative with colon cancer). If you notice any rectal bleeding, change in bowel habits, or unexplained anaemia, see a gastroenterologist promptly.
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