Overview
Diverticular disease occurs when small pouches (diverticula) form in weak spots of the colon wall. Most people with diverticula (diverticulosis) have no symptoms. When these pouches become inflamed or infected, the condition is called diverticulitis — which can cause significant pain and requires medical treatment.
Symptoms
Cramping or pain in the lower left abdomen
Fever and chills (diverticulitis)
Nausea or vomiting
Change in bowel habits — constipation or diarrhea
Bright red blood in stool (diverticular bleeding)
Common Causes
Low-fiber diet (most common cause)
Aging — risk increases after age 40
Physical inactivity
Obesity
Chronic constipation and straining
Self-Care Tips
Increase fiber intake gradually to 25–35 g per day
Drink plenty of fluids — at least 8 glasses of water daily
Exercise regularly to support bowel regularity
Avoid long periods of straining on the toilet
During an acute attack: rest and follow your doctor's dietary instructions
Get colonoscopy as recommended to monitor the colon
When to See a Doctor
Seek urgent care if you have severe abdominal pain, high fever, or rectal bleeding. Even mild symptoms deserve medical evaluation because diverticulitis can progress to abscess or perforation if untreated.
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