Overview
Cirrhosis is the late stage of scarring (fibrosis) of the liver caused by long-term liver damage. Common causes include chronic viral hepatitis (B and C), fatty liver disease (MASLD), and alcohol. Once cirrhosis develops, the scarring is largely irreversible, but stopping the cause can slow progression and prevent complications.
Symptoms
Fatigue and weakness
Jaundice (yellowing of skin and eyes)
Swollen abdomen (ascites)
Swollen legs and feet
Easy bruising or bleeding
Confusion or memory problems (hepatic encephalopathy)
Common Causes
Chronic hepatitis B or C infection
Fatty liver disease (MASLD/NASH)
Long-term heavy alcohol use
Autoimmune hepatitis
Primary biliary or sclerosing cholangitis
Inherited diseases (Wilson's disease, hemochromatosis)
Self-Care Tips
Treat the underlying cause (antivirals for hepatitis, weight loss for MASLD)
Avoid all alcohol — it accelerates liver damage
Follow a low-sodium diet to reduce fluid retention
Ask your doctor about vaccinations (hepatitis A, B, flu, pneumococcal)
Avoid NSAIDs (ibuprofen, naproxen) — use paracetamol cautiously
Attend regular specialist follow-up and surveillance ultrasound every 6 months
When to See a Doctor
Contact your doctor immediately if you develop sudden abdominal swelling, confusion, vomiting blood, or dark tarry stools. These are signs of serious complications that need urgent treatment.
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