Overview
Barrett's esophagus is a condition where the normal lining of the esophagus changes to resemble the lining of the intestine — usually as a result of long-standing acid reflux (GERD). It is important because it slightly increases the risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma. Most people with Barrett's esophagus never develop cancer, but regular monitoring is essential.
Symptoms
Barrett's itself causes no specific symptoms
Frequent heartburn (underlying GERD)
Difficulty or pain with swallowing
Chest pain
Regurgitation of food or sour liquid
Common Causes
Long-standing GERD (≥5 years)
Age over 50
Male sex
Obesity (especially central)
Smoking
Family history of Barrett's or esophageal cancer
Self-Care Tips
Control GERD aggressively with prescribed proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs)
Maintain a healthy weight
Quit smoking
Attend scheduled surveillance endoscopy — usually every 3–5 years
Eat smaller meals and avoid lying down after eating
Discuss radiofrequency ablation or endoscopic therapy if dysplasia is found
When to See a Doctor
If you have had GERD for more than 5 years and have never had an endoscopy, speak with a gastroenterologist about screening. Report any new difficulty swallowing or unexplained weight loss immediately.
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